TENDENCIAS EN LA BIOGEOQUÍMICA DEL AGUA SUBTERRÁNEA EN LA REGION AGROINDUSTRIAL DEL NORESTE DE YUCATÁN

Abstract

<p><strong>Background</strong>: The state of Yucatan has a significant amount of groundwater, but it is vulnerable to pollution due to agro-industrial contamination given the characteristics of thin soil and calcareous rocks that allow rapid infiltration of water, making easy for dissolved substances to reach the aquifer. The agro-industrial activities in the northeast of the peninsula of Yucatán promote changes in the geochemistry of groundwater in the region. <strong>Objective</strong>: Hereby, we present the observed changes in the geochemistry of groundwater by comparing three years of groundwater measurements from the agroindustrial area of Yucatan. <strong>Methodology</strong>: We measured physicochemical parameters, nutrients and ions during three years (2017 - 2019) in 14 wells of the municipalities of Sucilá, Panabá and Tizimín (east Yucatán). <strong>Results</strong>: Our results of three years show that ammonium, sulfate, chloride and calcium had an increasing trend; whereas nitrate and phosphate show a slight decrease. The agronomic indices SAR, CROSS<em><sub>f</sub></em> and RSC were evaluated to identify risk of sodification or alkalinization of the soil for irrigation. The water-rock interaction imparts special characteristics to groundwater that should be considered for its use in irrigation. <strong>Implications. </strong>This research updates information on the quality of water for irrigation and provides useful agronomic indices for better agro-industrial practices in the northeast region of Yucatán.<strong> Conclusion</strong>: The grouping of wells did not completely respond to the spatial location; rather, it might be a combination of seasonal effects, livestock, animal feeding operations and the use of manure and fertilizers, among others. With this research, we propose to establish the groundwater monitoring of the agro-industrial region of the northeast of Yucatan in the medium (5-10 years) and long term (> 20 years).</p>