Ten years trends (1984–1993) in the precipitation chemistry in central Austria

Abstract

Since 1984, wet precipitation samples have been collected from five sampling sites in the eastern Alpine region of Austria. The chemical analysis performed included pH, NH 4 +, Na +, K +, Ca 2+, Mg 2+, Cl −, NO 3 − SO 4 2− and precipitation amount. These data were used to determine the 10 years (1984–1993) trends in precipitation chemistry and deposition for all major ions. The statistical data treatment by the use of least-squares linear regression revealed a significant decrease of sulfate and hydrogen ion concentrations and depositions at all sites in consideration (above 65% for hydrogen ion and over 33% for sulfate concentration and 40% for hydrogen and 36% for sulfate deposition). An effort is made to explain the acidity decrease not only by the parallel decrease of sulfate concentration but by the participation of the other constituents of the wet precipitation events. It has been found that when the hydrogen ion concentration decrease is stronger than that of sulfate ion concentrations a compensation mainly by ammonium ion concentration increase is achieved. On the contrary, when the hydrogen ion concentration decrease is weaker than sulfate concentration decrease, a calcium ion concentration decrease is present for the sites in consideration. The results obtained indicate that the precipitation chemistry in Central Austria follows the global trends of controlled reduction of atmospheric acidity.