Temporomandibular joint alterations: two clinical case-reports of bifid condyle and temporomandibular joint ankylosis

Mariana Campos Limongi,José Benedito Fonseca Limongi,Flávio Ricardo Manzi

doi:10.1590/1982-0216/201921214918

Mariana Campos Limongi, José Benedito Fonseca Limongi + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0216/201921214918

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Abstract

ABSTRACT The etiology of alterations of the temporomandibular joint, such as ankylosis and bifid condyle, comprises several causes including trauma. However, otological infections cannot be overlooked as a probable cause of alterations of the temporomandibular joint, because the proximity between the external auditory canal and the temporomandibular joint facilitates the spread of infection in the region. This article presents a case-report of a patient with bifid condyle of the temporomandibular joint, in which the patient had no history of facial trauma, but had suffered recurrent otitis infections during her childhood. In parallel, a second case-report is described of temporomandibular joint ankylosis in a 12-year-old patient with a history of facial trauma during her childhood. The purpose of this study was to highlight and emphasize the importance of early diagnosis of temporomandibular joint disorders to avoid the development of facial asymmetries, restore function, esthetics, and the psychological state of the patient.

Highlights

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is frequently studied in the field of Speech Therapy and Language, due to its importance arising from mandibular movements and from efficiency of the stomatognathic functions[1]
Different factors comprise the etiology of the changes in the temporomandibular joint, such as ankylosis and condylar bifurcation, trauma being the main factor
Otological infections must not be overlooked as probable causes, as reported in the second case

Summary

Introduction

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is frequently studied in the field of Speech Therapy and Language (pathologies), due to its importance arising from mandibular movements and from efficiency of the stomatognathic functions[1]. One of the most complete definitions of this joint is that of Madeira (2004)[3], who defined it as a sinovial, bilateral, interdependent articulation, with its own, but simultaneous movements, and it was the most complex joint in the human body. It is the only joint connected to the cranium (spine and shoulder as well) classified as being triaxial; that is; it is capable of performing movements around three axes. Morphological and functional changes may occur, such as condylar hyperplasia, post-radiotherapy changes, defects associated with diseases or specific syndromes (primary brachial arch syndrome, mandibulofacial dysostosis), bifid condyle, ankylosis, among others[5]

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