Abstract
Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a group of orofacial pain conditions which are the most common non-dental pain complaint in the maxillofacial region. Due to the complexity of the etiology, the diagnosis and management of TMD remain a challenge where consensus is still lacking in many aspects. While clinical examination is considered the most important process in the diagnosis of TMD, imaging may serve as a valuable adjunct in selected cases. Depending on the type of TMD, many treatment modalities have been proposed, ranging from conservative options to open surgical procedures. In this review, the authors discuss the present thinking in the etiology and classification of TMD, followed by the diagnostic approach and the current trend and controversies in management.
Highlights
Current Concepts and ControversiesThe diagnosis and management of the most common cause of non-dental pain in the maxillofacial region, namely temporomandibular disorders (TMD), remains a challenge for clinicians to this day, despite extensive clinical research into the topic
Controversies exist in the literature regarding the diagnosis and the management protocol for TMD, the selection of treatment modality may often be largely influenced by the expertise of the treating healthcare provider
TMD represents a divergent group of orofacial pain symptoms which shares similarities with other chronic pain conditions
Summary
The diagnosis and management of the most common cause of non-dental pain in the maxillofacial region, namely temporomandibular disorders (TMD), remains a challenge for clinicians to this day, despite extensive clinical research into the topic. This is because TMD is a broad term comprising of different conditions with complex etiologies, with symptoms that vary in intensity. Numerous treatment modalities have been proposed over the years, with some becoming obsolete while others are gaining in popularity It seems that there is no single solution for every case as many different symptoms are included in TMD. We discuss the current concepts in the etiology and diagnosis of TMD, followed by an up-to-date management approach from a surgeons’ perspective
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