Abstract
BackgroundTo investigate the incidence of temporomandibular arthropathies diagnosed in a university center and to describe their histopathological characteristics.Material and MethodsTemporomandibular arthropathy cases with corresponding slides were selected from an oral and maxillofacial surgical pathology service. Cases of exclusively articular disc disease were not included.ResultsThe mean age was 31.3 years with a predominance of females (69.7%). Of these diagnoses, 53.6% were unilateral condylar hyperplasia, 17.8% were bony ankylosis, 14.3% were degenerative joint disease, 10.7% were osteochondroma, and 3.6% were synovial chondromatosis. Condylar hyperplasia presented as thick fibrocartilage and cartilage nests in the cancellous bone. Bony ankylosis exhibited lamellar bone and nests of chondrocytes. Degenerative joint disease presented as an irregular layer of fibrocartilage with areas of clustered chondrocytes and calcified cartilage. Osteochondroma of the condyle exhibited hyaline cartilage and areas of new bone formation. Synovial chondromatosis presented as immature cartilaginous tissue and randomly arranged chondrocytes.ConclusionsThe pathological alterations verified in these arthropathies involved diseases that were predominantly proliferative, i.e., unilateral condylar hyperplasia, osteochondroma and synovial chondromatosis of the tumor or pseudotumor type and bony ankylosis associated with callus formation of the reparative type, and less frequent degenerative changes for which the disease is so named. Key words:Temporomandibular joint, pathology, ankylosis, pathology, arthritis, degenerative, osteochondroma, chondromatosis, synovial.
Highlights
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthropathies occur in the population but are not frequent pathological changes
The following characteristics were found among the cases of degenerative joint disease: an articular surface with fibrous connective tissue of variable thickness, intense osteoclastic activity with areas of bone neoformation and osteoid deposition, dense connective tissue that was richly hyaline and slightly vascularized, an irregular layer of fibrocartilage with chondrocyte clustering areas, and cartilage that was separated from the subchondral bone by a calcified layer (Table 3) (Fig. 3 A-D)
The following characteristics were observed in the case of synovial chondromatosis: immature cartilaginous tissue that occasionally exhibited a myxoid appearance, disordered cellularity, and randomly arranged chondrocytes
Summary
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthropathies occur in the population but are not frequent pathological changes. Unilateral condylar hyperplasia is a relatively rare condition that is characterized by a slow-developing, progressive enlargement of the condyle that affects facial symmetry and occlusion [1,2] Results: The mean age was 31.3 years with a predominance of females (69.7%) Of these diagnoses, 53.6% were unilateral condylar hyperplasia, 17.8% were bony ankylosis, 14.3% were degenerative joint disease, 10.7% were osteochondroma, and 3.6% were synovial chondromatosis. Conclusions: The pathological alterations verified in these arthropathies involved diseases that were predominantly proliferative, i.e., unilateral condylar hyperplasia, osteochondroma and synovial chondromatosis of the tumor or pseudotumor type and bony ankylosis associated with callus formation of the reparative type, and less frequent degenerative changes for which the disease is so named
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