Temporary stretch of the testicular pedicle may damage the vas deferens and the testis

Abstract

Background/Purpose The authors aimed to investigate the effects of temporary stretching of the spermatic cord, a commonly performed manipulation during inguinal surgery, on the vas deferens and the testis. Methods Forty adult male Wistar-Albino rats were divided equally into 4 groups. The right spermatic cord and testis were exposed via a transverse suprascrotal incision. In the study groups, a continuous horizontal stretch force was applied to the vas deferens and vessels in a distal direction for 60 seconds. In group 1 (G1) a 1.25-Newton (N), and in group 2 (G2) a 0.75-N stretch force was applied. Group 3 (G3) and group 4 (G4) served as sham and control groups, respectively. The animals were killed 28 days later. Sections of the vas deferens were examined histologically and their dimensions measured. Both testes were excised, weighed, and examined microscopically. Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare means in the different groups. Results The mean wall thickness of the vas deferens was 378 ± 133 μm in G1 and was significantly diminished compared to G2, G3, and G4, in which the mean wall thickness was 497 ± 142 μm, 500 ± 10 μm and 521 ± 95 μm, respectively ( P < .05). The mean right testicular weights were 1.18 ± 0.10 g and 1.23 ± 0.17 g in G1 and G2, respectively, and each was significantly lower than in G3 (1.23 ± 0.09 g) and G4 (1.25 ± 0.08 g; P < .05). The mean right testicular weights showed no difference between G1 and G2 ( P > .05). Necrosis was seen in the right testes in 50.0% and 42.9% of the animals in G1 and G2, respectively. No histopathologic alterations were observed in the vas deferens in all groups. Microscopic examination of the left testes was normal. Conclusions In an experimental animal model, temporary stretching of the spermatic cord resulted in significant thinning of the smooth muscle layer of the vas deferens and testicular atrophy.