Temporary Placement of Retrievable Fully Covered Metallic Stents versus Percutaneous Balloon Dilation in the Treatment of Benign Biliary Strictures

Abstract

Purpose To compare retrospectively percutaneous transhepatic primary placement of a retrievable self-expanding metallic stent with percutaneous balloon dilation for the treatment of benign biliary strictures. Materials and Methods From 2005–2009, 66 patients with benign biliary strictures in whom an endoscopic approach failed or in whom such an approach was inaccessible were evaluated. Of 66 patients, 31 underwent balloon dilation, and 35 underwent temporary metallic stent placement. The etiologies of the benign strictures were anastomotic stricture after surgery (n = 54), stricture secondary to intraoperative injury (n = 9), inflammatory stricture (n = 2), and stricture secondary to trauma (n = 1). Results The primary patency rates were significantly better in the stent group (87% at 3 years) than in the balloon group (44% at 3 years; P = .022). The indwelling period of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) catheters after the initial procedure was able to be significantly reduced in the stent group (median 2.5 months) compared with the balloon group (median 4.5 months; P = .001). Significant bleeding (associated with PTBD) occurred in one patient in the balloon group. In the stent group, stent migration occurred in two patients, and one patient underwent surgery for stent removal after failure of removal under fluoroscopic guidance. Conclusions Percutaneous primary placement of a retrievable self-expanding metallic stent showed superior intermediate-term results compared with percutaneous balloon dilation for the treatment of benign biliary strictures. In addition, the indwelling period of PTBD catheters can be significantly reduced using temporary stent placement.