Abstract
Due to the severe climate, residents of winter cities tend not to utilize public open spaces inwinter. Temporary design interventions such as emblematic events are always proposed in wintercities to enhance pedestrian activity by celebrating the season and improving the perception ofwinter. In this study, we clarify the impact of the event on pedestrians’ perception to determinethe role of temporary design in improving the perception of public open spaces in winter cities.Using the example of event known as “Ice Town” on the Lenin Square in Khabarovsk, the contentof the Instagram images was analyzed to determine their perception during and after the event.The analysis includes classification of the images into clusters related to dierent urban elementsusing transfer learning with CNN (convolutional neural network). A total of 10,200 generated imageson the Lenin Square were considered, with 1700 images which relate the event itself. This accountsfor approximately 20% of all data, while those which related to the during the permanent use of LeninSquare accounted for just 6%. Temporary design of public open spaces has great potential to involvepedestrians in interacting with urban and natural environments in winter cities, even in severe coldclimate, by improving an impression of a place.
Highlights
Winter cities situated in regions, where the average maximum daytime temperature is equal or less than zero degrees Celsius for a period at least two months or longer
Festivals and a variety of events are proposed in so-called winter cities [4,5,6,7] to enhance the esthetic “appreciation” of a winter, the activity in the public open spaces
We downloaded over 10,200 datasets (Table 2) of Instagram posts generated and shared during winter season when the temperature tends to be below 0 °C (Figure 5), from 1st November of the 2017 to 15th of March of 2018
Summary
Winter cities situated in regions, where the average maximum daytime temperature is equal or less than zero degrees Celsius for a period at least two months or longer. Residents of winter cities tend not to utilize the public open spaces in winter and stay indoors, that cause a worsening their mental and physical condition. Festivals and a variety of events are proposed in so-called winter cities [4,5,6,7] to enhance the esthetic “appreciation” of a winter, the activity in the public open spaces. The emblematic festivals of the cold season tend to involve innovative uses of snow and ice and are designed to rehabilitate the negative perception of winteSrus[t8ai]n.abMilitoyr2e0o19v, e11r,,xitFiOsRrPeEpEoRrRteEdVItEhWat art event can assist in strengthening social inclusion [92 ]o,fc1r8eating or renovating local identity, fostering place-making processes [10]. Flagship events are consipdeerrceedptaiosnanofuwrbinatnerst[r8a].teMgoy,repolvaeyri,nigt risolreepinorrteecdotnhsattruacrttinevgeuntrbcaann iamssaisgteinansdtresntigmthuelnaitninggsoeccioanl omic of a pinlaccluesoiornci[t9y],itcsreelafti[n1g1]o. rTrheenoevmaptilnogylioncgalviadreienttyityo,fcmonusletiqpuleenptlhyy, sfoicsatelrfionrgmpslatcoeu-mrbaakninsgpparcoec,eisnscelsuding minateprs[afvo1,ne0rpdnm]l.tasFsitnolitamosng,suusmhrlsabiuotpaicdnnehegvslapesensacatcobnsene,daonirnmedcchecilcuosenidosgs,ifnniadagsec—pmrhleaaiadscpneaasgs,noipanrinlgmcaiuntcpyrsab,obimartinstnoeasdlnlfteert[ala1sotd1eab]gn.jtyeodTc, htpdaielevgaseeyrimgeionnapfgstlet—orhroyielnisesnuaeginnmevirvmbaeercepinoreonttosrystft[aro1unuf2tscm]eto.irbnuEsjglevttciuheptrinalvbeneampnobhifeinymtfohsoaiercrgsaedeelethsiegsne inseretivoennstsw[1e2r]e. mEvaednem[1in3o].r design interventions such as benches, a changing cabin lead to a greater nInumthbiesrsotuf udsye,rtshtehaenvbeneftosreimthpelsye tienmseprtoiornasrywdereesimgnad, ew[h13ic].h is defined as and purposely time-limitIendth[i1s4s]tuddeys,igthne ienvteenrvtseinmtipolny t[e1m3]p. orAalrtyhdoeusgighnt,hwehticehmips odreafirnyeddeasisgpnechifaiscablleyeanndgipvuernpoinseclryeasing attentiomne,-alinmditheads[b14e]codmeseigmn oinreteirnvteengtriaotned[1i3n].uArbltahnoupglahntnhientgemanpdordaersyigdnespigranchtiacsesboeevnergtiivmene i[n15cr–e1a7s]i,nigt tends to beactotennstiidoenr,eadndaphaarstbferocommteramdoirtieoinnatelgorrapteedrminaunrebnatndpelasingnnin, agsa“npdrdoevsiisgionnparla”ctoirce“ssoevcoerntdimarey[”1[51–81]7.],Temel notesi,t“te.n.d. sittoshbaerceosnqsuidaelirteidesawpaitrht ftrhoemptrroavdiistiioonnaall,obruptertemmanpeonrat rdyesailgsno, hasas“pitrsoovwisinonqaula”loitrie“sseucsoenadnadrys”hould not b[e18v]i.eTwemedelansomtees,r“e...lyiat sshuabrestsitquutaeliftoierstwheithfutlhleypardoevqisuioantea”l,. b[1u9t]t.emThpiosrastruydaylsoinhvaessittisgoawtens qthuealiimtiepsact of the teuimnsvepeosartniagdraytsedhseosutihglden noimnotpthabceetpvoeifdewetsheterdiataensms’mppoeerrracerelyyptadioenssuiigbnnsrteiotlunatteitohnfeotroptephdeeermsfturalilnaynesna’tddpeqeesurciagetnpe”tti.oon[e1m9i]np. hTraehsliaisztieosttnuhdetyocritical role opfetrhmeatneemntpodreasirgyndteosiegmnpwhaitshizae ftohceucsriotincahlorwolethoifstchoeutledmcpoonrtarriybudteestigonawstirtohnageforciumsporneshsoiowntohfisurban desigcno,upldarctoicnutlraibrluyt,eptuobalisctroopnegnersipmapcersesisniownionfteurrbcaitnieds.esign, public open spaces in winter cOitniees.of the assumptions in this study is that the combination of permanent design with temporary design hOasnesiogfnitfihceaanstsluymgprteioantesrinimthpiasctstuodnythise tphaetdethsetricaonmsb’ inpaetricoenpotifonp,ertmhaannenptedrmesaignnenwtitdhesign
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