Abstract
AbstractHeritably transferred genome mutations extending phenotypic variability together with natural selection (alternatively with genetic drift, draft, stability, and passive selections) are the main conditions of species evolution. Intervals with high rates of detrimental mutations are virtually absent from the fossil record due to the difficulty of identifying them. Our evidence, based on living populations indicate that insect wing deformities represent heritable hypomorphic mutations that are similar to those observed in Chernobyl and Fukushima. Newly collected assemblages from two of the major diversification intervals, the Cretaceous (J/K or K1) Yixian Formation in China and Permian/Triassic (P/T) Poldars Formation in Russia, exhibit cockroach wing deformity rates of 27% and 42.5% (
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