Abstract
The temporalis muscle flap is a versatile and reliable myofascial regional flap that can be used for reconstruction of many craniofacial defects due to its close vicinity to the orbit, oral cavity, and anterior and lateral skull base. Its main utility in head and neck reconstruction is for patients with multiple comorbidities who are high risk for free tissue transfer, due to its ease of harvest, reliable vascular supply, adequate bulk, and minimal donor site morbidity. The main focus of this article is to review the key surgical anatomy and technique for raising a temporalis muscle flap, with particular attention to the frontal branch of the facial nerve and vascular supply from the deep temporal arteries. Strategies to avoid potential complications and improve cosmetic outcome are also discussed.
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