Abstract
Rice is a major food crop of India. The rice cultivation has maintained its priority status in the agricultural sector of the country. The intensive management practices adopted by the practitioners have resulted in genetic erosion, thus affecting the species composition of the rice field ecosystems. There is obvious difference in species composition and community structure in upland and lowland rice fields and lowland fields has minimum pests affecting production of yield per hectare. This paper presents a work carried out on the biological diversity of lowland rice field ecosystems of India, and proposes the need for conservation strategies to ensure the sustainability of these rice growing ecosystems in the long run.
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