Abstract
While Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) survival has improved, treatment-related complications remain a concern. As a measure of treatment-related diseases of the circulatory system (DCS) we report excess incidence of DCS and absolute risks among HL patients diagnosed in the modern treatment era. From the Swedish Cancer Register, we identified all HL patients diagnosed 1985 through 2013, at ages 18-80 years. Excess incidence rate ratios (EIRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) comparing excess DCS incidence between calendar periods were estimated overall, and at 5 and 10 years after diagnosis using flexible parametric models. Model-based predictions were used to obtain probabilities of being diagnosed with DCS, in the presence of competing risks. During follow-up, 726 (16%) of the 4,479 HL patients experienced DCS. Overall, the excess DCS incidence was lower during all calendar periods compared to the first (2009-2013 vs. 1985-1988: EIRR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.42-0.95). The 5- and 10-year excess incidence of DCS decreased between 1985 and 1994 for 25-year-olds (5-year-EIRR1994 = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.12-0.92) and 60-year-olds (5-year-EIRR1994 = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.24-0.88), but remained stable thereafter. No improvements were observed among 75-year-olds. The probability of excess DCS remained the same throughout the study period. In 2009, the percentage of patients aged 25, 60 and 75 experiencing excess DCS within 5 years was 3.4, 15.0 and 17.0% (males) and 2.3, 10.8 and 12.6% (females). Treatment-related incidence of DCS has declined since the mid-1980s, but more recent improvements are absent and an excess risk remains. Continued efforts towards less toxic treatments are warranted, alongside primary prevention strategies.
Highlights
For Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), the survival improvements following the introduction of new therapeutic chemotherapy agents, advances in radiotherapy (RT), and clinical work-up, are a success story[1,2,3]
More thorough clinical follow-up for late effects among survivors has likely contributed to the reduction in excess diseases of the circulatory system (DCS) mortality, as it potentially leads to earlier detection and improved management of patients who show signs of circulatory system disease
The overall excess incidence decreased between 1985-1988 and 1989-1993 but remained on the same level after that
Summary
For Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), the survival improvements following the introduction of new therapeutic chemotherapy agents, advances in radiotherapy (RT), and clinical work-up, are a success story[1,2,3]. In Sweden, excess DCS mortality (that is, the DCS-specific mortality attributable to the HL and its treatment) has decreased among survivors since the mid-1980s20. More thorough clinical follow-up for late effects among survivors has likely contributed to the reduction in excess DCS mortality, as it potentially leads to earlier detection and improved management of patients who show signs of circulatory system disease. Another potential reason for the observed decrease in excess mortality due to DCS is that this group of diseases is less fatal today than in the past. The decrease in mortality does not necessarily reflect a decrease in incidence
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