Abstract
IntroductionMeasles is a highly infectious vaccine-preventable viral disease that mostly affects children less than five years old. Jigawa located in the north-west zone has the highest burden of measles in Nigeria. We reviewed Jigawa State measles surveillance data to identify measles trend and factors associated with mortality.MethodsWe conducted a secondary data analysis of measles specific integrated disease surveillance and response data for Jigawa State from January 2013 to December 2017. We extracted relevant variables and analyzed data using descriptive statistics and logistic regression model (α = 0.05). We estimated seasonal variation using an additive time series model.ResultsA total of 6,214 cases were recorded with 1038 (16.7%) confirmed by laboratory investigation. Only 1,185 (19.7%) had at least one dose of measles vaccine. Age specific attack and fatality rates were highest among children under the age of five years (503/100,000 and 1.8% respectively). The trend showed a decrease in number of cases across all the years. Seasonal variation existed with cases peaking in the first quarter. The likelihood of mortality associated with measles was higher among cases who had no vaccination (AOR = 4.7, 95% CI: 2.9-7.5) than those who had at least one dose of measles vaccine.ConclusionThere was a decrease in the trend of measles cases, however, the vaccination coverage was very low in Jigawa State. Receiving at least one dose of measles vaccine reduces mortality among the cases. Strengthening routine immunization will reduce number of cases and mortality associated with the disease.
Highlights
Measles is a highly infectious vaccine-preventable viral disease characterized by a prodrome of fever, cough, coryza and conjunctivitis, followed by a maculopapular rash
There was a slight variation in the cases with only 6.2% of the variation being explained by month (Figure 3)
The seasonal variation was found to be highest in the first quarter across all the years and fells consistently in the subsequent quarters
Summary
Measles is a highly infectious vaccine-preventable viral disease characterized by a prodrome of fever, cough, coryza and conjunctivitis, followed by a maculopapular rash. In 2017, an estimated 110,000 measles deaths occurred globally, mostly among children under the age of five. Routine measles vaccination for children, combined with mass immunization campaigns, case-based surveillance and standard case management are key public health strategies to reduce global measles deaths [1, 2]. Measles is still common in many developing countries - in parts of Africa and Asia [1]. In these countries, measles case fatality rate is estimated to be 3-5% but may reach 10-30% in cases with complications [3]. Malnutrition, poor case management, complications like pneumonia, age at infection, overcrowding and underlying immune deficiency disorders are associated with the high measles mortality rate [1, 4].
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