Abstract
While the use of three-dimensional (3D) geographical information system (GIS) is becoming in rapid development and being used in various fields such as urban and regional planning, disaster management and planning, mobile navigation and etc., commercial and open source GIS software packages tend to offer 3D-GIS functionalities for their products. On the basis, GIS analysis functions are to provide information with respect to geographical location and by having 3D spatial data as an input, it will give advantages in providing horizontal position information. However, to analyze moving objects (temporal) in 3D seems not an easy task and not fully supported by current GIS platform packages. Previously in two-dimensional (2D) GIS practice, main issue addressed by researchers in managing temporal spatial objects is GIS packages were designed based on hardware and software constraints whereby it should be based on the temporal spatial objects ontology. Nowadays, the trend of managing temporal 3D data is via 3D spatial simulation or animation. This approach will not in assistance for GIS users in conducting spatial queries. Without having a suitable ontology and valid topological data structure for temporal 3D data, it will cause repetitive of temporal data (redundancy) and complications in executing spatial analysis in 3D environment. Therefore this paper focuses on the ontology for managing moving 3D spatial objects (i.e. air pollution, flood). The characteristics of moving objects were reviewed thoroughly by categorizing it based on its different appearances. Moreover, existing methods in managing temporal database were addressed and discussed for its practicalities. Another important aspect in managing temporal 3D objects is the implementation of topological data structures for 3D spatial objects were reviewed. In the last section of this paper it summarized the issues and further ideas towards implementing and managing temporal 3D spatial objects in GIS based on the Geoinformation Ontology (GeO).
Highlights
Users interested in the visualization of three dimensional (3D) objects [1,2,3]
In two-dimensional (2D) geographical information system (GIS) practice, main issue addressed by researchers in managing temporal spatial objects is GIS packages were designed based on hardware and software constraints whereby it should be based on the temporal spatial objects ontology
In the last section of this paper it summarized the issues and further ideas towards implementing and managing temporal 3D spatial objects in GIS based on the Geoinformation Ontology (GeO)
Summary
Users interested in the visualization of three dimensional (3D) objects [1,2,3] It can be seen from users demand in 3D based applications [4,5]. These as to facilitate the visualization of 3D objects as it is more realistic than the two-dimensional (2D) display. Previous discussions show the need for 3D spatial data management in the future. Researchers have to overcome these issues for future GIS-complex analysis This is because each object on the earth’s surface are moving [20]. Records of the spatial objects movement in the 3D can provide advantages in terms of 3D visualization, planning, 3D monitoring and decision-making process [21,22,23]. At the end of this article discusses and summarization was made for the implementation of 3D temporal objects in GeO
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