Temporal metabolic partitioning of the yeast and protist cellular networks: the cell is a global scale-invariant (fractal or self-similar) multioscillator.

David Lloyd,Douglas B Murray,Manfred Beckmann,Marc R Roussel,Miguel A Aon,Robert K Poole,Sonia Cortassa

doi:10.1117/1.jbo.24.5.051404

Abstract

.Britton Chance, electronics expert when a teenager, became an enthusiastic student of biological oscillations, passing on this enthusiasm to many students and colleagues, including one of us (DL). This historical essay traces BC’s influence through the accumulated work of DL to DL’s many collaborators. The overall temporal organization of mass-energy, information, and signaling networks in yeast in self-synchronized continuous cultures represents, until now, the most characterized example of in vivo elucidation of time structure. Continuous online monitoring of dissolved gases by direct measurement (membrane-inlet mass spectrometry, together with NAD(P)H and flavin fluorescence) gives strain-specific dynamic information from timescales of minutes to hours as does two-photon imaging. The predominantly oscillatory behavior of network components becomes evident, with spontaneously synchronized cellular respiration cycles between discrete periods of increased oxygen consumption (oxidative phase) and decreased oxygen consumption (reductive phase). This temperature-compensated ultradian clock provides coordination, linking temporally partitioned functions by direct feedback loops between the energetic and redox state of the cell and its growing ultrastructure. Multioscillatory outputs in dissolved gases with 13 h, 40 min, and 4 min periods gave statistical self-similarity in power spectral and relative dispersional analyses: i.e., complex nonlinear (chaotic) behavior and a functional scale-free (fractal) network operating simultaneously over several timescales.

Highlights

The many achievements of Britton Chance have accelerated numerous biochemical advances and brought biomedical innovation to the forefront of current enterprise
We outline developments in research on the structure and function of lower eukaryotic organisms that have served as experimental models for work with cells, tissues, and organs of mammalian systems
We illustrate some examples of continuing research that have adopted these principles

Summary

Introduction

The many achievements of Britton Chance have accelerated numerous biochemical advances and brought biomedical innovation to the forefront of current enterprise. This historical essay traces BC’s influence through the accumulated work of DL, including DL’s many collaborators, some of whom are coauthors of this essay. Lloyd et al.: Temporal metabolic partitioning of the yeast Leuven, such is the growing importance of this “simple” organism. Of the 1031 of Britton Chance’s papers (PubMed), 57 are on yeast, and of those, 10 probe fundamental cellular redox mechanisms in mitochondria,[6] thereby using yeast as a model eukaryotic cell-type Many of his nonyeast publications employed the yeast suspensions as a convenient tool for adjusting the optics and light paths of newly assembled devices.[7] given a constructional or optical problem, Chance would often advise, “stick a yeast suspension in there, Dave.”. Given a constructional or optical problem, Chance would often advise, “stick a yeast suspension in there, Dave.” So a starving yeast suspension, being bubbled vigorously, was always around, thereby “aerating” the lab with a fine aerosol!

Protists

10 Further Analytical Refinements at the University of Vienna and Tsuruoka

11 State of the Art and Retrospective Over a Half-Century

Findings

12 Wise Counsel and Generous Spirit of Britton Chance