Abstract
Wide scale adoption of electric vehicles has been hampered by the dual challenge of energy density limited range and power density limited long charge time. Nickel-rich NMC cathode, graphite anode cells offer an economical approach to provide high power density using a well characterized cathode chemistry and reliable, widely adopted technology. In order to perform accurate life cycle prediction, the degradation mechanisms during fast cycling must first be characterized. Ex-situ studies often omit key characteristics of cell behavior during the charge discharge cycle including temporal lithiation characteristics, formation of metastable phases, and correlation of component variations in the battery stack. In this study in situ, operando cycling characterization was achieved at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory. Changes in the crystal structure of both cathode and anode are characterized over multiple fast charge cycles, with 6C charge rate and C/2 discharge rate, and related to electrochemical changes in the cell.
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