Temporal fossa anatomy: a review of the literature and safe planes of augmentation

Abstract

The anatomy of the temporal fossa described in the literature is widely inconsistent. The conflicting nomenclature used to describe the anatomy and fascial planes in this area is analysed and explored in this paper. Particular emphasis is placed on the aesthetic practitioner striving to maintain an accurate awareness of the depth of injection and to visualise which key structures are present within each fascial layer, to both prevent complications and yield an effective cosmetic result. Specific fascial planes are discussed and injection techniques are recommended for safe augmentation.