Temporal Expectancy in Driving : An Automated Future

Abstract

The difference in temporal expectancy between participants who are experienced in driving automated vehicles, and participants who are experienced in using only manually driven vehicles, is measured. The period in seconds between the change in stimulus, or in this case, the signal changing from green to red, and the onset of the action, in this case, the muscle tension generated in the ankles before pressing the brake, measures temporal expectancy. This exercise is carried out for each participant through a driving simulator of either manually driven features or auto-pilot features, based on the type of driving experience of the participant. The mean temporal expectancy of each participant is calculated through the cumulation of a definite number of trials. Thus, the means are used to derive the average temporal expectancy of each of the two groups based on auto-pilot or manual drivers. The group tabulated to have lesser seconds as a measure of temporal expectancy, is inferred to have better temporal expectancy.