Temporal evolution of the HF‐enhanced plasma line in sporadic E

Abstract

The high‐power, high‐frequency (HF) facility at Arecibo, Puerto Rico, has been used to study the excitation of Langmuir waves in mid‐latitude sporadic E. Measurements of the temporal evolution of the so‐called HF‐enhanced plasma line (HFPL) were made using the Arecibo 430‐MHz radar. After HF turn‐on in the plasma the HFPL exhibits a rapid growth phase followed by a quick overshoot. During periods of strong HFPL excitation the e‐folding growth time of the HFPL power is typically ≲ 20 µs, and the total overshoot period is ∼1 ms. On the basis of the current observations, mode conversion of the HF wave into Langmuir waves near HF reflection appears to be a promising mechanism for the production of Langmuir waves in sporadic E. Caviton formation at the critical layer is expected to accompany this process, and there is some evidence that the 430‐MHz radar is probing the plasma in a region where density cavities of this nature form. While no specific explanation is offered for the HFPL overshoot, it appears that this phenomenon is fundamental to the Langmuir wave excitation process.