Abstract
Via a series of ‘‘tipping bucket’’ experiments in UConn’s Whitecap Simulation Tank IV, the temporal evolution of the bubble plumes that result from spilling breaking waves in fresh water and sea water has been investigated. The saltwater bubble plume in its early stages is characterized by many more bubbles than are encountered in a freshwater plume in the same stages. The peak in the early salt-water bubble population spectrum, ∂N/∂R, has an amplitude approximately 24 times the amplitude of the comparable freshwater spectral peak. The spectra obtained at various times after a ‘‘breaking wave event’’ have been used to estimate the temporal variation of the void fraction at the top of the plume, and from this estimate the speed of sound through the portion of a plume just below its associated whitecap, as a function of time, was ascertained, for both the freshwater and seawater cases.
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