Temporal enhancement of renin-aldosterone blockade by enalapril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor.

Abstract

Interruption of the renin-aldosterone system with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (CEI) should result in a low aldosterone secretion, but most investigators have measured aldosterone production only indirectly by plasma aldosterone (PA) levels or urinary metabolites. We evaluated the effects of CEI of the aldosterone secretion rate (ASR) and compared them with PA, urinary tetrahydroaldosterone (THA), plasma renin activity (PRA), and electrolyte balance in six normotensive subjects in a metabolic unit during a control period (5 days) and during administration of 10 mg/day enalapril for 28 days. Our results demonstrated that (1) the ASR did not decline until after 1 wk of CEI therapy and this was reflected by a corresponding decline in the urine potassium:sodium ratio, (2) upright PA levels at day 1 declined, but supine PA levels were unchanged, (3) THA excretion remained essentially unchanged and the THA:ASR ratio rose progressively during therapy, (4) PRA rose and was maximal on day 3, but subsequently declined. In conclusion, enalapril-induced hypoaldosteronism required several days to become demonstrable and this was not accurately assessed by PA or THA--possibly due, in part, to altered aldosterone metabolism. The simultaneous decline in both PRA and ASR could be due to a decrease in renin substrate. Caution is therefore warranted when assessing aldosterone secretion indirectly by either PA levels or urinary metabolites during CEI therapy.