Abstract
This study examines the relationship between air temperature and urban environment indices, mainly focusing on sky view factor (SVF) in Seoul, Korea. We use air temperature data observed from 295 automatic weather stations (AWS) during the day and night in Seoul. We conduct a spatial regression analysis to capture the effect of spatial autocorrelation in our data and identify changes in the effects of SVF on air temperature, while conducting the regression model for each dataset according to the floor area ratio (FAR). The findings of our study indicate that SVF negatively affects air temperature during both day and night when other effects are controlled through spatial regression models. Moreover, we address the environmental indices associated with day-time and night-time air temperatures and identify the changing effects of SVF on air temperature according to the areal floor area ratio of the analysis datasets. This study contributes to the literature on the relationship between SVF and air temperature in high-density cities and suggests policy implications for improving urban thermal environments with regard to urban design and planning.
Highlights
Rapid urban development and expansion have provided advantages to citizens by providing shelter and convenience for various activities
Research that used satellite images as the data source for urban temperature has not considered wind properties because of data collection problems. We avoid these limitations in the following ways: (1) we use climate properties observed from 295 automatic weather stations (AWS) in Seoul, including an adequate number of samples that contain wind velocity properties; (2) we conduct analyses during both day and night to compare the effects of sky view factor (SVF) on air temperature by time of day; (3) we consider the floor area ratio (FAR) in estimating the relationship between SVF and air temperature; and (4) we build a spatial regression model using GeoDa software (The Center for Spatial Data Science, Chicago, United States) to capture and reduce the spatial and neighboring effect of air temperature
We analyzed the relationships between air temperature and urban environmental indices, mainly focusing on SVF
Summary
Rapid urban development and expansion have provided advantages to citizens by providing shelter and convenience for various activities They have resulted in the destruction of nature, traffic congestion, and air pollution, which increases air temperature. Urban planners and designers have tried to understand the urban factors that create UHIs and to establish plans that can help mitigate air temperature increases. Previous studies on the relationship between daytime urban air temperature and SVF show different results depending on the study area, time, and date of analysis. A smaller SVF normally results in higher nocturnal air temperatures, coefficient results for SVF on daytime air temperature can be either positive or negative [2]. We use the concept of floor area ratio (FAR) to understand the different effects of SVF on air temperature. To analyze the statistical relationship between SVF and air temperature in Seoul, Korea, we use both 2D and 3D urban factors to control for the complex influences on air temperature
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