Abstract
Trichothecene genotype composition, mycotoxin production, genetic diversity, and population structure were analyzed, using 185 Fusarium strains collected from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) throughout the Jiangsu province during 1976, 1983, 1998, 2006, and 2014. The results showed that 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3ADON) was consistently the predominant type in this region over 40 years, and the nivalenol (NIV) type has emerged since 1998. Long-term rotation of wheat and rice (Oryza sativa L.), rather than fungicide application, crop fitness, or weather conditions, might be the main cause of this phenomenon. The genetic diversity results from two toxin synthetic genes, Pks4 and Tri10, and variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) markers revealed the largest variance within the population in 1998, which was also the year with the highest production of mycotoxins. Population differentiation analysis indicated that major temporal population comparisons from the same area were not significantly differentiated. Our results showed that dominant species could maintain genetic stability for a long time, and Pks4 would be of utility in genetic and population studies.
Highlights
Of synthetic genes[20,21]
Population characterization of the Fusarium head blight (FHB) pathogen was conducted at various locations, based on restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)[8], random amplified polymorphic DNA33, sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP)[34], amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP)[35,36], and variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR)[37,38]
Genetic diversity and population structure were measured with VNTR markers and toxin biosynthetic genes, the effect of new molecular markers was assessed
Summary
Of synthetic genes[20,21]. The sequence basis for genotypic differences in trichothecenes has been identified, and several specific primers have been developed to determine the trichothecene genotypes of individual isolates[22,23,24,25,26,27]. Contradictory results about trichothecene genotypes and chemotypes were reported, these polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods are important to determine trichothecene genotype distribution, and for large-scale molecular monitoring of FHB pathogen composition. Population characterization of the FHB pathogen was conducted at various locations, based on restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)[8], random amplified polymorphic DNA33, sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP)[34], amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP)[35,36], and variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR)[37,38]. The Fusarium population dynamic genetic structure over the years, which reflects toxin-producing ability, merits further study. Genetic diversity and population structure were measured with VNTR markers and toxin biosynthetic genes, the effect of new molecular markers was assessed. We attempted to explain the relationship between genetic diversity and mycotoxin accumulation
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