Temporal distribution of visceral leishmaniasis in Paraíba state, northeastern brazil, by geographic region, 2012-2017

Allan Batista Silva,Hemílio Fernandes Campos Coêlho,Francisca Inês De Sousa Freitas,Clélia De Alencar Xavier Mota,Caliandra Maria Bezerra Luna Lima,Sérgio Vital Da Silva Junior

doi:10.33448/rsd-v10i6.15575

Allan Batista Silva, Hemílio Fernandes Campos Coêlho + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i6.15575

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Abstract

This study aims to analyze the temporal distribution of human (HVL) and canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in the state of Paraíba between 2012 and 2017, by Intermediate and Immediate Geographic Region (GR). As an ecological study with a quantitative approach, data were collected in the LACEN PB database; Dra. Telma Lobo Central Public Health Laboratory, Paraíba; and refer to positive cases of HVL and CVL presented in the state in the period under study. Poisson Regression Modeling was used to quantify the average number of cases from one year to another. The results revealed that the immediate GRs of Mamanguape - Rio Tinto, Campina Grande, and Cajazeiras present a statistically significant increasing trend in the average number of HVL cases. The immediate GRs of Campina Grande, Patos, Cuité - Nova Floresta, Itaporanga, and João Pessoa revealed a significant increase in the average number of CVL cases during the period analyzed. The need for reorganization of disease control operations and preventive actions was confirmed, especially in those regions identified with growth.

Highlights

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), known as kala-azar, is a zoonosis of great importance for public health
VL is a parasitosis caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania, and the species Leishmania chagasi is the main cause of the disease in Brazil (Hirschmann, brod, Radin, & Recuero, 2015; Sales, Chaves, martins, & Silva, 2017)
This study aims to analyze the temporal distribution of human (HVL) and canine (CVL) - visceral leishmaniasis in the state of Paraíba between 2012 and 2017, by Immediate and Intermediate Geographic Regions

Summary

Introduction

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), known as kala-azar, is a zoonosis of great importance for public health. Considered endemic in 65 countries, VL has an estimated incidence of 400,000 new cases and 50,000 deaths per year (Abrantes, Werneck, Almeida, & Figueiredo, 2018). Its biological cycle is heteroxenic and involves complex interactions between the parasite, the sand-fly vector Lutzomia longipalpis, and the human and canid vertebrate hosts (Barbosa, 2011; Afonso, 2013; Ministério da Saúde, 2014; Figueiredo, Werneck, Cruz, Silva, & Almeida, 2017). Due to its close relationship with humans (Miranda, 2008; Anversa, Montanholi, 2016; Castro; 2016), the domestic dog (Canis familiaris) is the main reservoir of kala-azar in urban areas. VL presents a variable incubation period, and may manifest from 3 to 7 months after the infection, but the animal may spend several years asymptomatically (Ministério da Saúde, 2014; Castro 2016). According to Belo (2012), asymptomatic animals play a role in the transmission chain equivalent to that of symptomatic animals

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