Abstract
High-dimensional quantum entanglement is currently one of the most prolific fields in quantum information processing due to its high information capacity and error resilience. A versatile method for harnessing high-dimensional entanglement has long been hailed as an absolute necessity in the exploration of quantum science and technologies. Here we exploit Hong-Ou-Mandel interference to manipulate discrete frequency entanglement in arbitrary-dimensional Hilbert space. The generation and characterization of two-, four- and six-dimensional frequency entangled qudits are theoretically and experimentally investigated, allowing for the estimation of entanglement dimensionality in the whole state space. Additionally, our strategy can be generalized to engineer higher-dimensional entanglement in other photonic degrees of freedom. Our results may provide a more comprehensive understanding of frequency shaping and interference phenomena, and pave the way to more complex high-dimensional quantum information processing protocols.
Highlights
Harnessing entanglement in high-dimensional systems may well play a central role in elevating the performance of advanced quantum information protocols towards practical applicability
Elaborate fiber designs have enabled the transmission of high order spatial modes over a distance of several kilometers[9,10], as well as some well-designed schemes are presented for realizing the highdimensional intracity quantum cryptography with structured photons in a turbulent free-space link[11]
We show how HOM interference can be used to characterize high-dimensional frequency entanglement; measurements of the fringe spacing of the observed interference pattern allow us to extract individual parameters even for high-dimensional entanglement. These results demonstrate that the modulation of temporal distinguishability in HOM interference provides a powerful tool for implementing highdimensional quantum information processing
Summary
Harnessing entanglement in high-dimensional systems may well play a central role in elevating the performance of advanced quantum information protocols towards practical applicability. Elaborate fiber designs have enabled the transmission of high order spatial modes over a distance of several kilometers[9,10], as well as some well-designed schemes are presented for realizing the highdimensional intracity quantum cryptography with structured photons in a turbulent free-space link[11]. Harnessing high-dimensional spatial entanglement in the practical applications of large-scale quantum information processing still faces significant technological challenges. Entanglement in the energy-time domain is intrinsically suitable for long-distance transmission in fiber and free space[12]. The characterization and verification of high-dimensional frequency entanglement poses an ongoing challenge, owing to both the difficulty of performing required superposition measurements in the frequency domain, as well as the general challenges associated with performing full quantum state tomography in a large state space
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