Temporal characterization of broadband femtosecond laser pulses by surface third-harmonic dispersion scan with ptychographic retrieval.

Abstract

We present a new, to the best of our knowledge, variant of dispersion scan (d-scan) based on surface third-harmonic generation (STHG) and a ptychographic algorithm tailored for full retrieval (amplitude and phase) of broadband laser pulses. We demonstrate the technique by temporally measuring and compressing few-cycle pulses with 7 fs and 2.5 nJ from a Ti:sapphire oscillator, using a sapphire window as the nonlinear medium. The results are in very good agreement with standard second-harmonic d-scan measurements based on a nonlinear crystal. The intrinsically broadband and phase-matching-independent nature of STHG make this technique very suitable for the characterization of ultrashort laser pulses over a broad wavelength range extending into the mid-infrared.