Abstract
Temporally modulated optical media are important in both abstract and applied situations, such as spacetime transformation optics, relativistic laser–plasma interactions, and dynamic metamaterials. Here we investigate the behaviour of temporal boundaries, and show that traditional approaches that assume constant dielectric properties, with loss incorporated as an imaginary part, necessarily lead to unphysical solutions. Furthermore, although physically reasonable predictions can be recovered with a narrowband approximation, we show that appropriate models should use materials with a temporal response and dispersive behaviour.
Highlights
Mobile technologies are considered the biggest technology platform in history, with transformative advances occurring across all society
Key to developing mobile technologies is the ability to predict electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation though systems with differing permittivities, and in particular predicting losses. In both physics [2] and engineering [3], EM loss is often expressed using the electric loss tangent (‘tan δ’), the ratio of the imaginary to the real part of the permittivity. This constant permittivity model is widely used in condensed matter physics [2], and is critical to the design of technologies diverse as mobile phones, imaging systems, consumer electronics, radar, sensors, accelerators, and even microwave therapy [4]
How the fields represented by these modes, change as they cross a temporal boundary will depend on how the change in constitutive relations (CRs) is specified, and on the chosen temporal boundary condition (TBC)
Summary
Jonathan Gratus1,2,∗ , Rebecca Seviour3 , Paul Kinsler1,2,4 and Dino A Jaroszynski5 Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
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