Temporal and timeless cognition in physics

Abstract

In experimental and theoretical physics, we measure time as the duration of material changes that run into space. We have no scientific evidence that would be based on the elementary perception and would prove that clocks run in some physical time. Universal space is time-invariant, in the sense that time is not its fourth dimension. In time-invariant space, motion happens only in space and not in time. Time as duration enters existence as an emergent physical quantity and is the result of the observer's measurement. Linear time “past-present-future” is psychological time that runs only in the brain. Universal change runs in time-invariant space, in this sense the universe is timeless. Temporal cognition occurs in the frame of psychological time, and timeless cognition occurs without the impact of psychological time.