Abstract
The urban heat island effect caused by the rapid increase in urban anthropogenic heat has gradually become an important factor affecting the living environment of urban residents. Studying the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of urban anthropogenic heat is of great significance for urban planning and urban ecological service systems. In this study, the urban anthropogenic heat flux (AHF) in 2004, 2009, 2014, and 2020 in the central urban area of Guangzhou was retrieved based on Landsat data and the surface energy balance equation, and the temporal and spatial characteristics of different types of anthropogenic heat were explored by combining the transfer matrix and the migration of the gravity center. The results showed that: (1) The overall change trend of anthropogenic heat in the central urban area of Guangzhou was enhanced, and the degree of enhancement was related to the type of urban functional land. (2) Different types of anthropogenic heat had different characteristics in terms of area expansion and spatial changes. Low-value anthropogenic heat (zero-AHF zone, low-AHF zone, medium-AHF zone) changed drastically in terms of area expansion. High-value anthropogenic heat (medium-AHF zone, high-AHF zone) changed more drastically in space. The increase in urban population, rapid economic development, and increased industrial production activities have stimulated the emission of anthropogenic heat, which has a positive impact on the intensity of anthropogenic heat.
Highlights
Urbanization, modifying the natural environment with an artificial environment, has several impacts on urban environment and climate, which are global concerns [1,2,3]
Zhuo et al used ASTER data to study the anthropogenic heat and energy consumption of residential and commercial buildings in Indianapolis in the summer, and the results showed that the spatial pattern and scale of anthropogenic heat and building energy consumption are consistent [20]
Wong et al used HJ-1B data to analyze Hong Kong’s anthropogenic heat based on the surface energy balance method, and the results showed that anthropogenic heat flux is related to building density and building height, and the winter correlation coefficients are 0.94 and 0.62, respectively [21]
Summary
Urbanization, modifying the natural environment with an artificial environment, has several impacts on urban environment and climate, which are global concerns [1,2,3]. The methods of estimating anthropogenic heat can be grouped into three major categories: the energy-consumption inventory method, building energy modeling method, and surface energy balance method [12]. The energyconsumption inventory, based on the energy consumption data of industries, buildings, and transportation and administrative socioeconomic data, converts these different types of energy consumption into anthropogenic heat emissions through the energy conversion experience coefficients [13,14]. The modeling method collects detailed energy-consumption data of a study aera through building energy modeling and geographic information modeling, to estimate anthropogenic heat flux [15,16]. The surface energy balance method, based on remote sensing data and meteorological data, uses empirical formulas to obtain the contribution of net surface radiation, soil heat flux, latent heat flux, and sensible heat flux to the surface energy [17,18]. The data have the characteristics of high spatial resolution and wide coverage and can be used to determine instantaneous anthropogenic heat flux to study the characteristics of temporal and spatial changes
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