Temporal and spatial variability of rainfall and climate trend on Jeju Island

Abstract

The temporal and spatial analyses of rainfall and temperature were conducted for understanding spatial variability and climate trend on Jeju Island. Rainfall data from 1992 to 2009 were used for the spatial analyses, and missing data were adjusted on Mt. Halla and along the northeast coast to reduce uncertainty of spatial variability. In addition, rainfall time series data of both Jeju City and Seogwipo City from 1961 to 2009 were analyzed for a long-term trend and identification of droughts. Mean annual rainfall for the period 1992–2009 shows an area of maximum rainfall centered around Mt. Halla where maximum annual rainfall reaches more than 4,300 mm and mean island rainfall is 2,082 mm. Upward trends in rainfall intensity, magnitude, and dryness conditions at the Jeju City and Seogwipo City from 1961 to 2009 suggest that rainfall has intensified with greater quantities of rainfall occurring over shorter durations, with longer dry periods between storm events. The annual cycle shows a distinct monsoon signature with peak rainfall typically occurring in August. Rainfall seasonality shows a shift in peak rainfall from June, July, and August, to July, August, and September. The most severe droughts in the period 1961–2009 were identified using a 12-month composite SPI. Three severe droughts each lasting around two years were identified over a relatively short nine-year period from 1964–1972.