Temporal and Spatial Analysis of Coastal Water Quality to Support Application of Whiteleg Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei Intensive Pond Technology

Akhmad Mustafa,Mudian Paena,Khairun Nisaa,Sahabuddin Sahabuddin,Hidayat Suryanto Suwoyo,Erfan Andi Hendrajat,Early Septiningsih,Kamaruddin Kamaruddin,Erna Ratnawati,Ruzkiah Asaf,Admi Athirah,Andi Sahrijanna,Ismail Marzuki

doi:10.3390/su14052659

Akhmad Mustafa, Mudian Paena + Show 11 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/su14052659

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Abstract

The study aimed to determine the performance of whiteleg shrimp culture in relation to temporal and spatial aspects and characteristics and water quality status. Measurement and sampling of water were carried out before stocking/initial stocking of culture whiteleg shrimp (rainy season) and end of culture/after harvesting of whiteleg shrimp (dry season) at two locations in the coastal area of Bulukumba Regency, namely Bonto Bahari Subdistrict (BB) and Gantarang Subdistrict (GT), and one location as a control, namely in the coastal area of Ujung Loe Subdistrict. Variables measured and analyzed included temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, phosphate, total suspended solids, and total organic matter. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, multivariate statistics, and non-parametric statistics. Water quality status was determined using the Storet (Storage and Retrieval) method. The results showed that the culture of whiteleg shrimp was technology intensive with a stocking density of 110–220 ind/m2 with productivity between 13.9 and 44.4 tons/ha/cycle. The predicted waste load of N is 28.00 tons/cycle and P reaches 6.61 tons/cycle. Another result was that changes in water quality status during the rainy season were classified as moderately polluted at the BB location and complying with quality standards at the GT location. In the dry season, both locations were categorized as heavily polluted. Variables of water quality that caused the decrease in water quality status in both locations (BB and GT) were observed to increase salinity, nitrate concentration, and ammonia concentration and decreased dissolved oxygen concentration in the dry season. It is recommended to carry out proper feed management, use of probiotics, and increase the capacity and capability of wastewater treatment plants to reduce ammonia and nitrate concentrations in water in coastal areas. It is necessary to determine a more precise time for whiteleg shrimp stocking by reducing the possibility that whiteleg shrimp culture will still occur at the dry season’s peak.

Highlights

Introduction conditions of the Creative CommonsCoastal areas, seas, and small islands have strategic significance in building the nation and the welfare of the people in Indonesia, which is an archipelagic country
The survey was carried out from 28 May to 5 June 2021 and from 28 August to 6 September 2021 which was carried out in the coastal areas of Bonto Bahari (BB) and Gantarang (GT) subdistricts
In BB, there are five intensive technology whiteleg shrimp farming businesses, but only three of them were operational at the time of the research (Table 1)

Summary

Introduction

Seas, and small islands have strategic significance in building the nation and the welfare of the people in Indonesia, which is an archipelagic country. This is due to the enormous wealth of natural resources, both biological and non-biological. Sustainability 2022, 14, 2659 area is dynamic, unique, and vulnerable to environmental changes [1,2,3]. Various human activities on land and sea encourage environmental changes in coastal areas [4,5,6,7]. Intensification of whiteleg shrimp culture uses more efficient land and higher productivity [9,10,12,13,14] and reduces land use costs by more than

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