Abstract
Abstract Mangrove forests are ecosystems naturally susceptible to environmental stresses, such as rising sea level and coastal erosion. However, the anthropic stresses, such as real estate speculation, deforestation and water pollution, put at risk this environment’s stability, interfering with its balance. The present work’s aim is to perform a temporal analysis of the mangrove forest that is a part of the Mocajuba river hydrographic basin and its buffer zone, as well as identifying natural and anthropic stresses to which the mangroves are susceptible. It was verified that the mangrove forest areas presented a substantial reduction between 1984 and 1999, and a small loss between 1999 and 2018. Thus, in the mangrove forest buffer zone, the anthropized areas increased while the forest areas decreased, demonstrating the deforestation in these areas. It can be concluded that the mangrove forest in the study region present a regression.
Highlights
The mangrove forest is a phanerophytic community of brackish environment, located at the mouth of rivers and streams that reach the sea, presenting muddy soil with the vegetation adapted to salty water, such as the red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle), black mangrove (Avicennia sp.) and white mangrove (Laguncularia racemosa) (IBGE, 2012)
Between 1995 and 2004, Teles and França (2014) found a reduction in secondary and primary forest areas and a growth in anthropic areas, they found a slight increase in the mangrove forest areas, different from what was detected in the present study
The Mocajuba river basin comprises an area of approximately 406 km2, from which 70% can be considered as buffer zone, contemplating the 3 km distance from the boundaries of the Conservation Unit, according to the National Environmental Council resolution n. 428, from 2010 (CONAMA 428/2010)
Summary
The mangrove biome is typically found in coastal environments of tropical and subtropical zones presenting high salinity, muddy soil rich in organic matter, limited oxygen and a diversity of trees and shrubs constantly submerged. This ecosystem provides food and shelter to many species, as well as an income source to the inhabitants of such areas and the surroundings (MATIAS; SILVA, 2017). Mangrove forests cover an area of 2,176.78 km (SOUZA FILHO, 2005). These areas are protected by 15 Conservation Units (UC), from which 13 are Extractive Reserves (RESEX) (MMA, 2019)
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