Abstract

RESUMO Objetivo: caracterizar e associar tempo máximo fonatório do /e/ vozeado e de /e/ não vozeado (/ė/), índice de massa corporal e sexo em crianças. Métodos: estudo transversal observacional analítico de campo e quantitativo do qual participaram 102 crianças com idades entre oito e 12 anos (média de 9,66 anos), sendo 53 (51,96%) meninas e 49 (48,04%) meninos. Os sujeitos passaram por triagem auditiva, avaliação antropométrica e coleta dos tempos máximos fonatórios de /e/ e /ė/. Os dados foram analisados por meio dos testes não-paramétricos Mann-Whitney e Correlação de Spearman, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: não houve diferença dos tempos máximos fonatórios de /e/, /ė/ e relação ė/e em função do índice de massa corporal e faixa etária, porém crianças do sexo masculino apresentaram tempo máximo fonatório de /e/ significantemente maior do que as meninas. Não foi encontrada correlação entre tempo máximo fonatório e índice de massa corporal. Conclusão: não houve diferença entre tempo máximo fonatório de /ė/, /e/ e relação ė/e, conforme faixa etária e índice de massa corporal, bem como o índice de massa corporal e os tempos máximos fonatórios não se correlacionaram, evidenciando homogeneidade entre as medidas dentro do grupo, sem influência do índice de massa corporal sobre os tempos máximos fonatórios. Em relação ao sexo, os meninos apresentaram tempo máximo fonatório de /e/ maior do que as meninas e apenas as crianças de oito anos apresentaram os TMF tempo máximo fonatório dentro do esperado.

Highlights

  • In speech therapy clinical practice, one way to assess voice is by means of the maximum phonation times (MPT) that deal with the support of voiced or sound emissions and non-voiced, voiceless or deaf [1,2,3,4]

  • A measure of easy application is the ratio between non-voiced MPT/e/ (MPT/ė/) and voiced MPT/e/ (ė/e ratio), which aims to investigate the relationship between glottal efficiency and respiratory control, showing the glottal hyperfunction when present, and the MPT/ė/ alone provides data on the ability to control the progressive output of air from the lung without the assistance of the vocal folds . 1,3,4 According to the literature, voiced MPT should be approximately the same of the non-voiced MPT, resulting in a ratio around one [1,3]

  • Children were excluded when their parents or legal guardians reported the presence of laryngeal conditions, neurological disorders, gastric or respiratory diseases; history of speech therapy or singing lessons, for this would allow prior knowledge of the voice; presenting hearing loss detected in the audiological screening, mouth breathing, influenza and/or respiratory diseases on the assessment days; and who were on stage three or higher of pubertal development, seeking to exclude the period of voice changes

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Summary

Introduction

In speech therapy clinical practice, one way to assess voice is by means of the maximum phonation times (MPT) that deal with the support of voiced or sound emissions (with presence of vibration / glottis sounds) and non-voiced, voiceless or deaf (without participation of a glottal source) 1-4. Unlike adults, usually there is no difference in achieving the MPT since the glottal configuration is the same in both genders 7; there is a study that shows that boys’ pulmonary strength is higher than girls’ 5. The accumulation of adipose tissue in the abdominal and chest wall by producing excessive weight on the diaphragm can change its movement and breathing pattern, compromising voice quality. This accumulation of fat can influence pneumo-phonoarticulatory coordination, promoting an imbalance between respiratory, glottal and resonance/articulation levels . This accumulation of fat can influence pneumo-phonoarticulatory coordination, promoting an imbalance between respiratory, glottal and resonance/articulation levels . 9-12

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