Abstract
An introduction to the template method of preparation of regular 3-dimensional arrays of nanostructures in an internal space of opals is given. Application of all-dielectric opal-based materials as photonic crystals is discussed. Different opaline materials have been examined by means of the optical diffraction and the light emission and correlations of observed phenomena with the material structure have been demonstrated. Novel approach towards engineering of opaline materials via heterostructuring is presented. Recent progress in the field of nanostructured superconductors in opals is discussed. Striking enhancement of the critical magnetic field, which is followed the reduction of the superconductor volume fraction, has been shown. Outlook of using opal-based superconducting lattices as materials for quantum storage and processing of information is given.
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