Abstract
Porous oxide materials are widely used in environmental catalysis owing to their outstanding properties such as high specific surface area, enhanced mass transport and diffusion, and accessibility of active sites. Oxides of metals with variable oxidation state such as ceria and double oxides based on ceria also provide high oxygen storage capacity which is important in a huge number of oxidation processes. The outstanding progress in the development of hierarchically organized porous oxide catalysts relates to the use of template synthetic methods. Single and mixed oxides with enhanced porous structure can serve both as supports for the catalysts of different nature and active components for catalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds, soot particles and other environmentally dangerous components of exhaust gases, in hydrocarbons reforming, water gas shift reaction and photocatalytic transformations. This review highlights the recent progress in synthetic strategies using different types of templates (artificial and biological, hard and soft), including combined ones, in the preparation of single and mixed oxide catalysts based on ceria, and provides examples of their application in the main areas of environmental catalysis.
Highlights
Porous oxide materials with the unique conducting and textural properties and variable morphology are applied in many fields, such as energetics, electronics, separation processes, biotechnology, and catalysis
They are extensively used in various fields of environmental catalysis such as three-way catalysis (TWC) [2,3], removal of SOx in fluid catalytic cracking processes [3], dehalogenation [4], dehydrogenation [5], and partial hydrogenation processes [6], oxidation [7], NOx reduction [8], hydrocarbon reforming [9], thermochemical water splitting using concentrated solar energy combined with subsequent production of H2, syngas, or hydrocarbons [10], hydrocarbons production by CO2 hydrogenation [11] etc
The following trends can be identified in the field of templated preparation of cerium oxide and related materials
Summary
Porous oxide materials with the unique conducting and textural properties and variable morphology are applied in many fields, such as energetics, electronics, separation processes, biotechnology, and catalysis. Complex ceria-based systems are the most commonly used as catalysts or as non-inert supports for a wide range of catalytic reactions These materials are distinguished by their relatively low cost and toxicity, high thermal and chemical stability, and unique physicochemical properties related to the chemical composition and fluorite crystal structure: facile transfer between cerium oxidation states, high concentration of oxygen vacancies and other defects, high oxygen storage capacity and oxygen ion conductivity [1]. The morphology and porous structure of the catalyst are essential factors which determine the overall specific surface
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