Abstract
Based on the physical metric proposed by the author, temperature distribution for compact objects, neutron stars and black holes, has been explained. Outside the extended horizon, the temperature is positive and approaches infinity at the extended horizon boundary. Inside the extended horizon, the temperature is negative which implies higher temperature than outside the horizon. This outcome is the result of the repulsive nature of gravity inside the extended horizon in the author’s physical metric. Overall, the physical metric explains temperature structure of compact objects more completely than the Schwarzschild metric, and is supported by the emerging evidence of X-ray data collected from neutron stars and black holes (AGN).
Highlights
The physical metric has been introduced by the author [1] [2] as the metric in general relativity which fits all the experimental data, in particular, time delay experiments of Shapiro et al [3] [4]
From the introduction of the physical metric, one encounters a revolutionary change in the feature of compact objects, black holes and neutron stars
The gravitational red shift on the surface of compact objects is the universal value of z= 3 −1= 0.732 except for the rotation of critical frequency
Summary
The physical metric has been introduced by the author [1] [2] as the metric in general relativity which fits all the experimental data, in particular, time delay experiments of Shapiro et al [3] [4] It is a metric in which the speed of light on the spherical direction is unchanged from that in vacuum. Since the spherical direction is perpendicular to the radial direction of gravity, it is remarkable that the invariance of the speed of light in the spherical direction from the vacuum value is required for reconciling with the experimental data In other words, such a natural condition is set up on the basis of general relativity. This introduces a high temperature environment for compact objects.
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