Temperature Regulation During Exercise and the Individual Differences

Abstract

Humans are homeotherms and can only maintain a limited range of body temperatures under hypothermic or hyperthermic conditions. During exercise, the body requires significant energy supplied by ATP within the cells. However, not all the energy provided by ATP is used in muscle contraction as “useful” energy and a substantial amount is converted into heat energy. As a result, during strenuous exercise, the body generates a large amount of heat energy, raising body temperature significantly. Intense exercise can generate over 1000 watts of heat, increasing the body’s core temperature by a few degrees. However, the body has an efficient temperature regulation mechanism that keeps body temperature relatively stable under varying environmental conditions. If excess heat is not dissipated, it can lead to overheating and potential bodily harm. To prevent this, the body employs various mechanisms, including sweating, increased blood flow to the skin, and increased respiration rate to dissipate the heat generated. Among these mechanisms, sweating is the primary way to dissipate heat, and the evaporation of sweat plays a critical key in cooling the body. This paper investigates the mechanisms involved in human body temperature regulation during exercise and explores the individual differences in this process. We will examine various factors that impact body temperature regulation during exercise, including age, body composition, fitness level, clothing, etc. We aim to provide a comprehensive overview of this complex issue by analyzing the latest research. Through our analysis, we hope to gain a deeper understanding of the physiological processes involved in temperature regulation during exercise and provide insights into how individuals can optimize their body temperature regulation during physical activity.