Abstract
One of the most important outcomes in the water balance equation for any natural area or water body is Evapotranspiration and it is also a crucial component of the hydrologic cycle. The relationship of temperature - evapotranspiration was obtained using the Thornthwaite method in Iraq by dividing the area into (7) sectors according to geographic latitude. Each sector has multi meteorological stations where (32) stations were used with different periods of records. A mathematical relationship was obtained between mean temperature and corrected potential evapotranspiration (PEc) with (97.45) to (99.84) coefficient of determination. Mean temperature has a symmetrical decreasing pattern from south-east towards north-west of Iraq affected by Mediterranean Sea climate conditions, while correcting potential evapotranspiration (PEc) has the opposite direction of increasing values due to a direct relationship with temperature.
Highlights
Water is a vital component to the development of any area
Table 2 shows the (7) groups of meteorological stations located in each sector according to Iraqi latitude
Using Thornthwaite formula [8] showed in equation (1,2,3,4) previously, the annual corrected potential evapotranspiration (PEc) was calculated after using correction factor of sunlight duration and number of day light according to latitude, Table 3
Summary
Water is a vital component to the development of any area. The demand of water increased recently because of the growing population, where water for agriculture and other demands becomes limited [1]. One of the most important outcomes in water balance equation for any natural area or water body is Evapotranspiration and it is a crucial component of hydrologic cycle [4]. Iraq is sited between latitude (29.00°- 37.22°N) and longitude (38.45°- 48.30°E), while climate of Iraq is generally as continental and subtropical semi-arid type whereas the mountainous regions are classified a Mediterranean climate It is characterized by a very hot summer and a short cold winter and by the breadth of the daily and annual temperature because of the lack of large water bodies that reduce the coldness of winter and summer heat [11]. This research used (11) meteorological stations to estimate global warming influence on the annual mean value of temperature and yet on the annual mean value of the evapotranspiration for more than three decades in Iraq [12]
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