Temperature-Mediated Neural Interventions in Knee Osteoarthritis: a Review of Cryoneurolysis and Cooled Radiofrequency Ablation with Ultrasound Guidance.

Abstract

Knee osteoarthritis is a debilitating chronic disease affecting nearly half of the world's population at some point in their lives. Treatment of pain and loss of function associated with this disease has been limited. In this review, we seek to explore how neural interventions with ultrasound guidance may be an emerging option for non-pharmacologic pain relief in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Cryoneurolysis techniques have been demonstrated to provide pain relief out to 150days post-treatment in knee osteoarthritis in select individuals. There have also been studies of cryoneurolysis pre-operatively to total knee replacement providing reduced pain, reduced opioid use post-operatively, and shorter hospital length of stay. Cooled radiofrequency ablation (CRFA) has been demonstrated to significantly reduce pain, improve functionality, and reduce pharmacologic needs in knee osteoarthritis out to 2years. Both interventions appear to have increased accuracy with ultrasound, and CRFA appears to be associated with improved patient outcomes. The research demonstrates the efficacy of both cryoneurolysis and cooled radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. Ultrasound guidance in neurolysis provides an additional tool with real-time, high-accuracy nerve localization. These therapies should be considered for certain patients to assist in pain management in the non-operative and post-operative phase of knee osteoarthritis management. Further research is needed to further define the long-term effects and the long-term utility of the techniques in knee pain.