Abstract
Understanding the nature of liquid structures and properties remains an open problem for many fundamental and applied fields. It is well known that there is no other defined phase line above liquidus (TL) in phase diagrams of ordinary alloys. However, via resorts of internal friction, electric resistivity, thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, solidification, etc., the results of our research on lots of single- and multiple-component melts show a novel physical image: temperature induced liquid-liquid structure transition (TI-LLST) can occur above TL. Moreover, the solidification behaviors and structures out of the melts that experienced TI-LLST are distinct from those out of the melts before TI-LLST. In this paper, some typical examples of TI-LLST and characteristic aspects of the TI-LLST are briefly reviewed, in which the main contents are limited in our own achievements, although other groups have also observed similar phenomena using different methods. In the sense of phenomenology, TI-LLST reported here is quite different from other recognized liquid transitions, i.e., there are only a few convincing cases of liquid P, Si, C, H2O, Al2O3-Y2O3, etc. in which the transition occurs, either induced by pressure or at a supercooled state and near liquidus.
Highlights
It is more and more clear that polymorphism in liquid states [1,2,3] is one of the most promising new fields, in which there are lots of puzzling phenomena and nature for experimentalists and theoreticiansMetals 2015, 5 to explore and to find their way to its applications, e.g., critical points between stable liquids and/or metastable ones [3,4,5,6]
It is meaningful to explore if a temperature-induced structural change could discontinuously occur at ordinary pressure and at temperature far above melting point, or TL, in singleor multiple-component liquids with a constant chemical composition
Behaviors of over one hundred liquid systems have been explored, whose results are listed in the table “Summary of temperature induced liquid-liquid structure transition (TI-LLST) suggested by the resistivity phenomena” as a Supplementary Material
Summary
It is more and more clear that polymorphism in liquid states [1,2,3] is one of the most promising new fields, in which there are lots of puzzling phenomena and nature for experimentalists and theoreticians. It is meaningful to explore if a temperature-induced structural change could discontinuously occur at ordinary pressure and at temperature far above melting point, or TL, in singleor multiple-component liquids with a constant chemical composition. 2. The Behaviors of Internal Friction with Changing Temperature in Some Liquid Alloys. Internal friction is a structure sensitive physical property and as a powerful technique widely used for studying crystal structures, defects and phase transitions in solids [30]. 2.5 °C/min, while QP−1 = 0.0143 for 6 °C/min These features are perfectly in accordance with those of the first order phase transitions in solid internal friction (Delorme and Belko’s Model: QP−1 = A(dT/dt)/f). Similar patterns of internal friction with temperature were observed in other liquid alloys, e.g., In-Sn80, In-Bi62 shown in Figures 3 and 4
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