Temperature-induced changes in the wheat phosphoproteome reveal temperature-regulated interconversion of phosphoforms.

Lam Dai Vu,Ive De Smet,Inge Verstraeten,Kris Gevaert,Tingting Zhu,Brigitte Van De Cotte

doi:10.1093/jxb/ery204

Lam Dai Vu, Ive De Smet + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ery204

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Abstract

Wheat (Triticum ssp.) is one of the most important human food sources. However, this crop is very sensitive to temperature changes. Specifically, processes during wheat leaf, flower, and seed development and photosynthesis, which all contribute to the yield of this crop, are affected by high temperature. While this has to some extent been investigated on physiological, developmental, and molecular levels, very little is known about early signalling events associated with an increase in temperature. Phosphorylation-mediated signalling mechanisms, which are quick and dynamic, are associated with plant growth and development, also under abiotic stress conditions. Therefore, we probed the impact of a short-term and mild increase in temperature on the wheat leaf and spikelet phosphoproteome. In total, 3822 (containing 5178 phosphosites) and 5581 phosphopeptides (containing 7023 phosphosites) were identified in leaf and spikelet samples, respectively. Following statistical analysis, the resulting data set provides the scientific community with a first large-scale plant phosphoproteome under the control of higher ambient temperature. This community resource on the high temperature-mediated wheat phosphoproteome will be valuable for future studies. Our analyses also revealed a core set of common proteins between leaf and spikelet, suggesting some level of conserved regulatory mechanisms. Furthermore, we observed temperature-regulated interconversion of phosphoforms, which probably impacts protein activity.

Highlights

Wheat (Triticum ssp.) is one of the most important staple food to satisfy the future demands of the increasing world’s popucrops around the world (Hawkesford et al, 2013)
We analysed the transcription of TaHSP70d and TaHSP90.1, which are markers for temperature response (Xue et al, 2014), in both leaf and spikelet samples.We found that the transcriptional response of TaHSP70d and TaHSP90.1 peaked in both samples at 60 min, indicating a maximum of early high temperature response (Fig. 1C, D)
An in-depth analysis showed that the photosynthetic machinery in the leaf is highly responsive to increased temperature, while epigenetic regulation in the spikelets seems to be tightly regulated by high temperature in a phosphorylation-dependent manner during reproductive development

Summary

Introduction

Wheat (Triticum ssp.) is one of the most important staple food to satisfy the future demands of the increasing world’s popucrops around the world (Hawkesford et al, 2013). Global temperature is predicted to rise throughout the 21st century (IPCC, 2014), and it has been estimated that for each degree (°C) of temperature increase, global wheat production will reduce by 6%, impacting food security (Asseng et al, 2015). Wheat is sensitive to heat stress during all stages of its growth and development (Barber et al, 2015; Akter and Rafiqul Islam, 2017). Traits affected by high temperature include plant height, leaf weight, leaf width, relative water content, chlorophyll content, and secondary metabolites (Akter and Rafiqul Islam, 2017). Levels of various compounds that are beneficial for the plant during heat stress and known to protect the photosynthesis system increase in conditions of elevated temperature in Arabidopsis thaliana, wheat, and maize (Guy et al, 2008; Scalabrin et al, 2015; Qi et al, 2017)

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