Temperature effects on the nuclear symmetry energy and symmetry free energy with an isospin and momentum dependent interaction

Abstract

Within a self-consistent thermal model using an isospin and momentum dependent interaction (MDI) constrained by the isospin diffusion data in heavy-ion collisions, we investigate the temperature dependence of the symmetry energy ${E}_{\mathrm{sym}}(\ensuremath{\rho},T)$ and symmetry free energy ${F}_{\mathrm{sym}}(\ensuremath{\rho},T)$ for hot, isospin asymmetric nuclear matter. It is shown that the symmetry energy ${E}_{\mathrm{sym}}(\ensuremath{\rho},T)$ generally decreases with increasing temperature while the symmetry free energy ${F}_{\mathrm{sym}}(\ensuremath{\rho},T)$ exhibits opposite temperature dependence. The decrement of the symmetry energy with temperature is essentially due to the decrement of the potential energy part of the symmetry energy with temperature. The difference between the symmetry energy and symmetry free energy is found to be quite small around the saturation density of nuclear matter. While at very low densities, they differ significantly from each other. In comparison with the experimental data of temperature dependent symmetry energy extracted from the isotopic scaling analysis of intermediate mass fragments (IMF's) in heavy-ion collisions, the resulting density and temperature dependent symmetry energy ${E}_{\mathrm{sym}}(\ensuremath{\rho},T)$ is then used to estimate the average freeze-out density of the IMF's.