Abstract
The discovery of ultrafast water flow in graphene channels holds significant implications for various applications like electronics cooling, thermally driven energy harvesting, and solar-driven desalination. However, existing slip flow measurements on graphene are confined to room temperature, limiting our understanding of temperature-dependent behaviors and constraining potential thermal applications. Here, we simultaneously measured water slip lengths and evaporation fluxes in graphene nanochannels with depths ranging from 78 to 290 nm, spanning a temperature range from room temperature up to 85 °C. This was achieved by employing a capillary flow model combined with evaporation, a factor that cannot be disregarded at elevated temperatures. The measured water slip lengths ranged from 20 nm to 80 nm, exhibiting a decrease with increasing temperature and an increase with greater channel depths. The temperature-dependent slip length can be attributed to enhanced momentum transfer at the solid-liquid interface at elevated temperatures, while the observed channel depth dependence may result from stronger electrical-double-layer interactions with decreased channel depths. Additionally, the capillary evaporation fluxes increased with rising temperatures and greater channel depths, effectively explained by the capillary evaporation theory.
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