Temperature dependent volumetric, viscometric and conductance studies of barium chloride in aqueous solution of citric acid: an insight into molecular interactions

Abstract

Abstract Alkaline earth metal salts and citric acid both play a vital role in our daily life in terms of biological importance, so in this regard, in the present study, we calculated density, speed of sound, conductance and viscosity of barium chloride (BaCl2) in concentration range (0.01–0.12 mol kg−1) in a binary solution of 0.01 mol kg−1 citric acid in water (CA + H2O) at temperatures between 303.15 and 318.15 K with gap of 5 K. The various parameters like apparent molar volume ϕ v , limiting apparent molar volume ϕ v o , transfer volume Δ tr ϕ v o , and partial molar volume expansibilities Φ E o ${{\Phi }}_{E}^{o}$ were calculated using density data. Viscosity data has been applied to calculate relative viscosity and Jones Dole coefficient A and B. Other parameters like Molar conductance (Λ m ), Λ o m and Λ o m η o have also been calculated using conductance data. All these parameters show strong evidences of various molecular interactions in terms of ion–solvent and solute–solute interactions. The ion–solvent interactions were supported by isobaric thermal expansion coefficient α o . Structure maker/breaker behaviour is explained by Hepler’s constant ((d 2 ϕ v o /dT 2 ) p ), temperature coefficient of B ( d B / d T $dB/dT$ ) and Walden product’s temperature coefficient (d(Λ o m η o )/dT). Further these molecular interactions support structure breaking potential of present studied system.