Abstract
The influence of temperature on the development rate and expression of 3 elytral color patterns in the lady beetle, Calvia quatuordecimguttata (L.), was assessed at 6 constant temperatures between 10 and 34°C. The expression of the 3 elytral color patterns was discrete and independent of temperature treatment. No differences were observed among the color morphs in the real or physiological time for egg-to-adult development, or for pupal weight. However, temperature did influence survival and growth rates of the overall population. No eggs hatched at 34°C. Larval mortality was high at 10°C and moderate between 14 and 30°C. Development time from oviposition to adult was 14.6 ± 0.9 d at 30°c and 95.6 ± 9.0 d at 10°C. The total heat-unit requirement for egg to adult development was 274.1 DD above a mean development-threshold of 8.2°C. Pupal weight differed among temperature treatments and was greatest at 10-22°C, and lowest at 26 and 30°C.
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