Abstract
Temperature dependent dynamic hysteresis of 0.715Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-0.065BaTiO3-0.22SrTiO3 (BNT-BT-ST) bulk ferroelectric ceramic was systematically studied. The scaling relations were estimated for corrective electric field remnant polarization and hysteresis loop area as a function of temperature It was observed that and for a constant magnitude of electric field To understand the domain dynamics, back-switching polarization as a function of is also predicted. The relation between back-switching polarization and temperature is estimated by well described Arrhenius law to evaluate the average activation energy. It also depends on the applied electric field; the relation fits well to a simple exponential decay function. The saturation polarization as a function of was also evaluated to estimate the electrocaloric effect. It was found that electrocaloric effect and heat extract capacity in BNT-BT-ST ceramic is of a similar order to that observed in most other lead-free bulk ferroelectric ceramics. It can be said that BNT-BT-ST is also a promising material for solid state refrigeration. These results can be helpful to understand the temperature dependent hysteresis behavior and polarization switching in lead-free ferroelectric ceramics.
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