Abstract
ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the temperature change during lowspeed drilling using infrared thermography.Material and MethodsPig ribs were used to provide cortical bone of a similar quality to human mandible. Heat production by three implant drill systems (two conventional drilling systems and one low-speed drilling system) was evaluated by measuring the bone temperature using infrared thermography. Each system had two different bur sizes. The drill systems used were twist drill (2.0 mm/2.5 mm), which establishes the direction of the implant, and finally a 3.0 mm-pilot drill. Thermal images were recorded using the IRI1001 system (Infrared Integrated Systems Ltd.). Baseline temperature was 31±1ºC. Measurements were repeated 10 times, and a static load of 10 kg was applied while drilling. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Statistical analysis was conducted with two-way ANOVA.Results and ConclusionsMean values (n=10 drill sequences) for maximum recorded temperature (Max TºC), change in temperature (∆TºC) from baseline were as follows. The changes in temperature (∆TºC) were 1.57ºC and 2.46ºC for the lowest and the highest values, respectively. Drilling at 50 rpm without irrigation did not produce overheating. There was no significant difference in heat production between the 3 implant drill systems (p>0.05). No implant drill system produced heat exceeding 47ºC, which is the critical temperature for bone necrosis during low-speed drilling. Low-speed drilling without irrigation could be used during implant site preparation.
Highlights
Drilling procedures during dental implant site preparation may cause mechanical damage to the bone involved but a temperature increase in WKH ERQH DGMDFHQW WR WKH LPSODQW VLWH 6LJQL¿FDQW temperature increases can result in heat-induced bone injury2
They found that heating the implants in the rabbit tibia to a temperature of 50°C for 1 min was enough to cause 30% of the bone to be resorbed. This was a slow-developing process that extended over a period of 4 weeks. They reported that setting the temperature between 47 and 50°C IRU PLQ UHGXFHG VLJQL¿FDQWO\ ERQH IRUPDWLRQ DURXQG WKH LPSODQWV ZKLOH QR VLJQL¿FDQW HIIHFWV were observed after heating up to 47°C for 1 min13
Based on the result that maximum temperature during drilling was higher without irrigation than with irrigation, they indicated that bone temperature should not exceed the critical temperature without irrigation
Summary
Drilling procedures during dental implant site preparation may cause mechanical damage to the bone involved but a temperature increase in WKH ERQH DGMDFHQW WR WKH LPSODQW VLWH 6LJQL¿FDQW temperature increases can result in heat-induced bone injury. Eriksson and Albrektsson (1983) conducted an experiment on the rabbit tibia to evaluate the effects of heat production on bone regeneration They found that heating the implants in the rabbit tibia to a temperature of 50°C for 1 min was enough to cause 30% of the bone to be resorbed. This was a slow-developing process that extended over a period of 4 weeks. Et al. (1996) have reported that temperature rises up to 130.1°C without irrigation after monitoring changes in bone temperature during the sequence of drilling for implant site preparation by the osseointegration technique using infrared thermography. Most studies have been performed to investigate temperature change at
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