Abstract
Piezoelectric properties of modified lead titanate ceramics were investigated in an effort to explain the large electromechanical anisotropy observed in these materials. While the thickness coupling factor is approximately constant with temperature, the planar coupling factor becomes zero near room temperature, probably indicating a change in sign of the piezoelectric d 31coefficient. It is shown that for an accurate description of the electromechanical behavior of modified lead titanate ceramics, all material constants relevant for the planar coupling mode ( s 11, ε 33 d 31) must be taken as complex. Possible contributions to the complex d 31 are discussed.
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