Abstract
Apparent molar volumes (φv) and viscosities (η) of NaCl, NH4Cl, CuCl2, CuSO4, and MgSO4 in water and water + urea solutions as a function of concentration are reported at (308.15, 313.15, and 323.15) K. The apparent molar volumes at infinite dilution of these electrolytes were determined by extrapolating φv values to zero concentration, which is practically equal to the partial molar volume. Viscosity coefficients (A and B) for these systems were also determined for the Jones−Dole equation. Apparent molar volumes (φv) and viscosities of these electrolytes were found to be higher in water + urea solutions than those in water solutions. All these electrolytes, except NH4Cl, exhibit structure making behavior in water and water + urea solutions. Ammonium chloride showed structure breaking properties in water and 1 mol·kg-1 water + urea solutions. In 5 mol·kg-1 urea solution ammonium chloride showed structure making behavior at the temperature range studied. Electrolytes in water + urea solutions are seen to b...
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