Abstract
Abstract This chapter is a significant rewrite of the first edition, but excludes developments in the UK, which are discussed in Chapter 4. For the past two decades, agroforestry has been an active research and extension topic in Europe and is increasingly important within EU agricultural, environmental, energy and climate change policies. The structure of this chapter has been revised to reflect these trends. The chapter starts with a description of silvopastoral (Section 2) and silvoarable (Section 3) systems in Europe, covering both historical practices and modern trials. Section 4 deals with linear agroforestry systems, including wooded hedgerows and riparian tree strips. Section 5 discusses research lessons and outstanding questions. Section 6 describes the incentives and disincentives faced by agroforestry within the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), and how these affect its uptake. Section 7 covers the important role that agroforestry has to play in the EU Energy and Climate Change policies.
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